Europe says it must rearm – but to what end?

A new consensus is emerging among European leaders in Paris, London, and Berlin that Europe must significantly increase its defense capabilities amid ongoing war in Ukraine and instability in the Middle East. French President Macron has announced plans to expand France's nuclear arsenal and adopt a 'forward deterrence' strategy, while British and German defense chiefs have jointly called for a major military buildup. The debate centers not just on how to rearm, but on what strategic purpose the