Mecca Pact and Türkiye’s flexible deterrence

AI Summary

The column argues that the Mecca Joint Defense Agreement signed by Türkiye, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan signals a desire among these middle powers for flexible deterrence and greater strategic cooperation. It frames the pact in terms of regional security and geopolitical influence.

Last August, in this column, I stated that the Mecca Joint Defense Agreement, which was signed by Türkiye, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, showed the three middle-power countries’ desir...